Casper Network (CSPR) is a public proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain launched in 2021. Its current mainnet uses the Zug consensus protocol, supports WebAssembly smart contracts, and uses CSPR for transaction fees and staking.
| Stat | Value |
|---|---|
| Ticker | CSPR |
| Price | $0.002138 |
| Market Cap | $37.16M |
| 24h Change | +2.50% |
| Circulating Supply | 17.383B CSPR |
| Total Supply | 20.1B CSPR |
| Max Supply | Uncapped |
| All-Time High | $1.33 |
How It Works
Casper is a public Layer 1 network. Its current mainnet uses Zug consensus, introduced with Casper 2.0 in place of the earlier Highway protocol. Validators participate in proof of stake, and the chain supports WebAssembly smart contracts. Casper’s official documentation describes finality as tied to the finalized block; consensus details should be read from the current network documentation rather than older descriptions of Highway.
Tokenomics
CSPR is used for transaction fees and staking. Casper’s base annual inflation remains 8%, but the March 2026 Casper 2.2.0 upgrade activated CVV008: 6% of annual emissions go to validator rewards and 2% to ecosystem development and operations. The upgrade also activated a one-time issuance of 4,763,091,158 CSPR, released over a two-year schedule. Casper 2.1 also introduced protocol-level fee burning. These mechanisms mean supply is not fixed at a hard maximum; emissions, scheduled releases, and burned fees all matter.
CoinGecko’s current listing reports circulating and total supply separately and shows no fixed maximum. The market snapshot is not a substitute for the protocol’s issuance schedule or on-chain supply data.
History and Evaluation
Casper mainnet launched in March 2021. The Casper 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 releases subsequently changed consensus, fees, and token economics. Those changes should be distinguished from earlier descriptions of the network: in particular, calling Highway the current mainnet consensus is outdated after the Zug migration.
Casper’s proof-of-stake design and smart-contract environment describe the protocol; they do not establish adoption, decentralization, or investment performance by themselves. Users should check validator participation, governance decisions, application security, and current supply data separately.
Related Terms
See Also
- Why Smart Contract Audits Fail
- What Is Tokenomics?
- Are Layer 2 Networks Actually Decentralized?
- Exchange crypto with ChangeNOW
Sources
- Casper Network, Casper 2.2.0 Goes Live on Mainnet — The release confirms the March 2026 activation of CVV008, its scheduled one-time issuance, and the 8% inflation allocation.
- Casper documentation, Zug Consensus — The protocol documentation describes Zug and its replacement of Highway for Casper Mainnet.
- Casper Network, The Casper Manifest — The project describes the 2.0 migration to Zug, the 2.1 fee-burning mechanism, and the 2.2 economics update.
- CoinGecko, Casper Network market data — The listing supplies the dated price, market-cap, circulation, total-supply, and no-fixed-maximum snapshot.